Satellite Images Reveal China’s Growing Nuclear Capabilities

New satellite images indicate that China is constructing an advanced nuclear research facility in Mianyang, a city long associated with its defense industry. The site, which bears a striking resemblance to the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in California, appears to be significantly larger than its American counterpart.

The facility includes a central experimental chamber surrounded by four laser bays, a design commonly used in laser-based fusion research. This type of research plays a key role in nuclear energy development but can also be applied to weapons testing, raising concerns among defense analysts.

Experts note that China is significantly outspending the U.S. in nuclear fusion research, allocating approximately $1.5 billion annually. The country has made significant progress in its fusion experiments, with its Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) setting records for sustained high-temperature plasma reactions.

William Alberque, a nuclear policy specialist, has warned that countries with this level of fusion capability can enhance existing nuclear warhead designs without the need for full-scale explosive tests. The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty prohibits such detonations, but laser-driven fusion remains legal, allowing for continued research.

The Pentagon has reported that China’s nuclear arsenal has expanded to over 600 operational warheads, an increase of more than 100 in the past year. U.S. officials say this buildup enhances China’s ability to target American cities, military bases and leadership sites.

China’s facility in Mianyang is the latest sign of its growing nuclear ambitions. While officially described as a research center, its capabilities suggest it could play a role in both military and energy applications, further shifting the balance in global nuclear strategy.